Functionally, tRF-Val promoted proliferation of GC cells in vivo and in vitro by destabilizing the eukaryotic translation elongation gene, elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (EEF1A1), a regulator that mediates p53 ubiquitination by enhancing the effects of E3 ubiquitin ligase (74). Here, EEF1A1 is linked to gastric cancer.