CSF2 and myelodysplastic syndrome: However, in contrast to the aforementioned xenograft model, femoral co-transplantation of BM mononuclear cells derived from MDS patients in combination with autologous or allogeneic patient-derived BM-MSCs or BM-MSCs derived from healthy individuals in NSG mice or in NSG mice with knock-in for human stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-3, did not enhance MDS engraftment (68).