CXCL8 and bacterial urinary tract infection: Four studies analysed IL-8, one of which had a cohort design and sampled a nursing home population.26 The cohort study took monthly urine samples from 35 patients with ASB (defined as 2 consecutive urine samples 4 weeks apart with ⩾105 CFU/ml of the same pathogen with controlled somatic diseases) and compared levels of both biomarkers before and during episodes of UTI.