PIK3C3 and infection: Furthermore, studies have shown that the secreted protein, NAD-glycohydrolase (Nga), is translocated to the host cytosol via SLO, promoting inhibition of LC3 formation and suppression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3)-dependent autophagosome formation during early infection, facilitating intracellular proliferation of S. pyogenes (168).