Moreover, we found that genes involved in vitamin digestion and absorption, such as solute carrier family 19 member 2 (SLC19A2), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1), Wnt family member 6 (WNT6), and biotinidase (BTD) were significantly downregulated in CS AF-treated IECs. Here, BTD is linked to Cowden syndrome 1.