DKK1 and osteoporosis: Dengler-Crish et al. (2018) found that htau mice (an AD mouse model) had significantly lower BMD than C57BL/6 J mice, and htau mice exhibited inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in both the bone and brain. Guo et al. (2016) suggested that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), a key endogenous antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway, may be a common risk molecule for AD and osteoporosis. Recent studies have proposed new mechanisms for the correlation between osteoporosis and AD (Jiang et al., 2022).