To determine whether inhibition of ER stress/UPR pathway attenuates the production of cytokine/chemokine by asthmatic lung fibroblasts, we introduced small molecule inhibitors into the fibroblast culture, including TUDCA and IRE1 inhibitor I. TUDCA, a bile acid approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of certain cholestatic liver diseases, is commonly used for general ER stress/UPR inhibition. The gene discussed is ERN1; the disease is Cholestatic liver disease.