In the present study, TS1 also reduced the SE-induced increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, MCP-1) in the intestine and serum, which is consistent with previous findings and observations of lipopolysaccharide-induced enteritis in vitro [45, 48]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is enteritis.