Currently, many indicators have been used to predict the ICB treatment response, such as the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), the proportion of CD28 + , CD39 + , and CD96 + TILs, PD-L1 expression, PD-1 expression, the gut microbiome, the TMB, and MSI [19]. The gene discussed is CD28; the disease is neoplasm.