In eyes that underwent DMEK, there is an increased concentration of pro-inflammatory mediators IFN-γ, IL-8, and IL-10 compared with eyes without signs of corneal disease scheduled for cataract surgery22, and an amplified innate immune response (increased IL-5 and IL-8 levels) may play a role in failing DMEK grafts23; this pro-inflammatory milieu may explain the increased risk of post-DMEK CMO compared with cataract surgery in eyes without corneal endothelial disease. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.