Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines, including MIF, PAI-1, IL-18, CXCL1, CXCL12 and IL-8, were statistically decreased (P < 0.05) in 10−6 M 1α,25(OH)2D3-pretreated A549 cells by 12 h post-infection. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and infection.