BRAF and melanoma: BRAF mutations have been described in about 50% of malignant melanoma (MM) [4], 50% of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 5–10% of colorectal cancer (CRC) [5], and, in a lesser extent, in lung adenocarcinomas about 2–4% of cases and low-grade glioma especially the pilocytic astrocytoma subtype [1, 6–12].