Among them, only apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene was found in three studies, and these genes are mainly involved in cellular components (FAM155A, PAPLN, TMEM229A, GALNTL5, SLC8A3), immune-related (GLI3, SOBP), microtubule and ciliary organization (MYO9A, MYO15A, DNAH2, DNAH5, FIGN), angiogenesis (MAP3K6, RNF213), fibroblasts (FGFRL1), and WNT signaling pathway (ANKRD6), which indicate these pathways are important to BPD. The gene discussed is PAPLN; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.