TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration: Transforming growth factor beta (Tgfβ), as a multifunctional cytokine which is associated with AMD susceptibility, is vital to sustain the specificity of microglia, ensure the stability of retinal vascular endothelial cells and BBB (Walshe et al., 2009; Braunger et al., 2013; Bohlen et al., 2017; Zarkada et al., 2021).