Mechanistically, a number of molecular pathways involved in cancer progression are also altered in chronic inflammation and insulin resistance frequently present in T2D and/or overweight patients (AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; CDKs, Cyclin-dependent kinases; HDAC, histone deacetylase; IGFs; PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PI3K/Akt, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B; SGLT2, sodium glucose co-transporter 2; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; wnt, wingless/integrated) (44–49). The gene discussed is HDAC9; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.