The long-range projecting neurons from the PAG are predominantly excitatory pyramidal neurons and are glutamatergic, and these also play important roles in the neural circuits mediating anxiety-like responses to threats (26, 27). Therefore, we used chemogenetic inhibition of NKB+ glutamatergic neurons to inhibit the release of NKB from the fPAG to the LHb. Here, TAC3 is linked to Anxiety.