BMI > 30 kg/m2, androgen-secreting tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid disorders, DM, hyperprolactinemia, Cushing ́s syndrome, hypertension, hepatic and renal dysfunction, oral contraceptives, steroid hormones, insulin-sensitizing drugs, alcohol, smokers. Here, INS is linked to congenital adrenal hyperplasia.