IGFBP3 and lymphopenia: ◼ Impaired post-natal growth◼ Low expression of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and ALS◼ Elevated prolactin levels◼ Severe pulmonary disease, eczema, autoimmune disease (juvenile idiopathic arthritis), lung disease, and bacterial and/or viral infections◼ Low NK cell counts and cytotoxic capabilities◼ T-lymphopenia (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells)◼ Reduction of T-regulatory cells◼ Hypergammaglobulinemia◼ Chronic Anemia