The attenuated poliovirus (PV)-based vector PVSRIPO (55, 56), which has its Internal Ribosomal Entry Site (IRES) substituted with IRES from rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) to eliminate PV’s neurovirulence, was shown to induce HSPs, HMGB1, viral dsRNA, and tumor antigen release from melanoma and breast cancer cells (57). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and melanoma.