In the late stage of PCa, CAMK2N1 expression is decreased and DNMT1 expression is increased, which promotes the further progression of PCa through activation of AR, AKT or ERK signaling pathway, induction of E2F1-mediated proliferation, and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes due to the hypermethylation [8, 9, 24, 28, 38]. Here, E2F1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.