ALB and diabetes mellitus: The results of the present study showed that urinary albumin level significantly increased (male: p < 0.0001, female: p < 0.001) 3 months after diabetes induction in both parents (Fig. 5e, f) in compared to both NDC groups (female DC group 46 ± 3.5 mg/dl, male DC group 56.25 ± 8.2 mg/dl, female NDC 10 ± 1 mg/dl and male NDC group 15.7 ± 4.1 mg/dl).