TRIM40 and inflammatory bowel disease: While evaluating the highly inducible signature genes associated with IBD (fold-change [FC] > 2; n = 527, including genes related to cytokines, the complement system, tissue integrity, barrier function, and antimicrobial peptides), we found a significant increase in the gene expression levels of TRIM40 and TRIM69 in both UC and CD patients relative to healthy controls (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1a).