In addition, while the associations between ICI outcomes and amplifications in CDK6 and CCND1 will need to be validated in external cohorts, these preliminary findings suggest a possible role for dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints in ICI-resistance, which to-date has been demonstrated in in vivo analyses37,38 or smaller patient cohorts from other disease types39, but not in NSCLC cohorts. This evidence concerns the gene CDK6 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.