Notably, none of these pairs have been directly associated with TGFβ signaling or EMT, although many of the identified ligands (e.g., LAMC2) or receptors (e.g., CD151, COL17A1, ITGA2, ITGA3, ITGA6, ITGB1, and ITGB4) occur frequently in the context of EMT and/or cancer. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.