CSF1 and breast carcinoma: As CSF1 promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages, and treatment with CSF1 siRNA in MCF-7 cells (a human breast cancer cell line) reduced the expression of MMPs in these cells [38], an inhibition of CSF1 release from ovarian ESCs by treatment with dienogest may suppress the MMP expression in ovarian endometriotic tissues.