MYD88 and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: In MM, MYD88 serves as an adapter protein for TLRs and an activator of NF-κB signaling that is not due to MYD88 mutation, as in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (35, 36); in our study, we observed its upregulation only in PBs of both premalignant and active MM stages.