INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetic foot complications are associated with poor glycaemic control,21 longer diabetes duration and insulin use,22 combined with high blood pressure.23 Whilst the presence of calluses on the feet,23 presence of infection,24 and the presence of peripheral vascular disease or peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes increases risk.25 However, screening and foot care including regular inspection and examination of the at-risk foot; of patients, families and healthcare providers; appropriate footwear; and treatment of non-ulcerative pathology can help prevent amputation.26