In the absence of EDX, as shown inFig. 8A, TF expressed in inoculated Colon26 cells activates blood coagulation and inflammation in host mice, and generated factor Xa activates PAR2, whereas thrombin possibly activates PAR1/PAR4 on Colon26 cells and various stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here, F2R is linked to neoplasm.