F2R and gastric cancer: Coagulation factors promote tumor growth; thrombin induces tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis,24enhances tumor cell adhesion and metastatic properties by increasing integrin αIIßIII expression on the tumor cell surface,25and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PAR1 in human gastric cancer.26In addition, factor Xa alone, factor VIIa-factor Xa complex,27and TF-factor VIIa-factor Xa complex28are involved in breast cancer cell proliferation via PAR2 activation.