IL6 and Abnormal renal physiology: Patients in the POD group were older (p < 0.001), consumed more alcohol (p < 0.001), had increased incidence of renal dysfunction (p = 0.002) and AKI stage 3 (p = 0.037), and increased use of both analgesics and sedatives (p < 0.001), together with elevated serum creatinine (p = 0.005), postoperative total bilirubin (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels, higher APACHE-II scores (p < 0.001), prolonged DHCA duration (p = 0.006), and included greater numbers of manual workers (p < 0.001) (Table 1).