USP7 and cancer: Cancer cells are able to acquire resistance to apoptosis and a higher survival rate by constitutively activating the expression of large Mafs through diverse mechanisms, including large Mafs translocation; disruption of large Mafs ubiquitylation by upregulating the deubiquitinating enzyme Otub1, ubiquitin-specific protease USP5 or USP7; Ras kinase cascade mediated induction of large Mafs [11, 62, 112, 142].