Studies have demonstrated that IL-6 is increased in the nervous system upon injury and mediates disease progression in peripheral neuropathies [38–43] as well as in neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS where neuroinflammation plays a role such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [38, 44–49]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.