VEGFA and neoplasm: The VEGF, a key regulator factor of tumor angiogenesis, can directly influence immune cells and facilitate immune evasion, and indirectly influence immunity by increasing vessel permeability.37 For example, VEGF can result in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by hindering the maturation and function of dendritic cells and increasing T regulatory cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells recruitments.38 Targeting VEGF can restore anti-tumor activity and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.37,38