Concerning the prognosis of PCa, we found that upregulated HMMR had little significant value in judging overall survival (OS) but in judging the prognosis of patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) (Fig. 1F, Supplementary Fig. S1D, E), univariate and multivariate analyses further indicated that HMMR was an independent risk factor in PCa (Fig. 1G, H). Here, HMMR is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.