TGF-β induces conversion of NK cells (CD49a−CD49β+Eomes+) into intermediate ILC1 (CD49a+CD49b+Eomes+) populations and ILC1 (CD49a+CD49b−Eomesint) populations in the tumor microenvironment, which is mediated by Smad-independent pathways (199, 200). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.