Indeed, using Rhesus cytomegalovirus–based (RhCMV-based) vectors in rhesus macaque (RM) models of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria infection, we demonstrated that robust CD4+ and CD8+ TEM can be elicited to essentially any heterologous pathogen insert in the setting of reinfection and that these responses mediate significant efficacy consistent with early pathogen intercept (10–13). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is tuberculosis.