MTOR and respiratory tract infectious disorder: Some asymptomatic carriers only require simple observation, while patients with recurrent bacterial or viral infections may need supportive therapy such as prophylactic antibiotics and IRT, or HSCT.[11] IRT is reported to be useful for APDS patients to reduce respiratory infections.[10,12] Recently Maccari et al[13] reported the initial data of the ESID APDS registry, they found the significant benefit of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin for APDS and associated non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disease.