The outer membrane hemin receptor (chu), siderophores (fyuA, irp, ybt), intimin-like adhesin (fdeC), haemolysin (hly), aerobactin (iuc), polysialic acid transport protein kpsM_1, pyelonephritis-associated pili pap, SPATE genes (sat, vat) and plasmid-encoded Shigella enterotoxin senB were more abundant and significantly more associated with phylogroup B2 than with phylogroups A, B1 and C (Fisher’s exact test, P <0.05; Fig. 2a). This evidence concerns the gene KRCC1 and pyelonephritis.