We used qPCR to analyze 12 host-related genes, including those with no significant fold change (IL12A), modest (e.g. TNF, LMO1, IL10, CCL2, IL1B) or high fold change, including CXCL8 which was among the 50 identified to be most significantly dysregulated in monocytes as a result of infection (Table 2 and Supplementary Dataset S1). Here, TNF is linked to infection.