AIF1 and Alzheimer disease: As for microglia, results from the Iba-1 staining showed that there was an upregulation of Iba1-positive microglia numbers in the hippocampus of AD mice (P < 0.001, Fig. 4B, D), while 1 μg/kg OCN had a borderline effect in reducing this upregulation of Iba1-positive microglia numbers (P = 0.069, Fig. 4B, D).