CAV1 and heart failure: Important future questions to address about regulation of Ca(v)1.2 by palmitoylation include how rapidly α1C palmitoylation turns over, on what timescale channel properties can be “tuned” by palmitoylation, and whether any remodeling of the α1C palmitoylation and depalmitoylation pathways contributes to the well-established ventricular action potential abnormalities observed in heart failure (50).