INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: These included younger age (p value .001), female gender (p value <.001), Arabic ethnicity (p value .001), pre-existing T1DM (p value <.001), lower weight (p value .04), insulin non-compliance (p value .001), shorter LOS at index admission (p value .02) and a recurrence of DKA at six months (p value <.001) (Supplementary Table 7).