PALM and autoimmune disease: For autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis risk SNP rs6911131, Crohn’s disease risk SNP rs11641184 and lupus risk SNP rs9782955 identified by PALM-D2 were found to be associated with the corresponding diseases (Bentham et al., 2015; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, 2019; Liu et al., 2015).