CCL2 and infection: Importantly, while anti-viral, inflammatory responses are generally beneficial in early phases of the infection, development of overshooting systemic inflammatory responses, i.e., a cytokine storm, associated with excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including type I and II IFNs, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, and chemokines, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and CCL5, is rather detrimental (Coperchini et al., 2021).