In addition, suggesting beneficial effects against neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic insults, TSA pretreatment was shown to attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through inhibition of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression and subsequent repression of signaling through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-treated human U87 astrocytoma cells (Jin et al., 2020). The gene discussed is TRAF6; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).