HPSE and acute respiratory distress syndrome: In LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), berberine treatment prevented endothelial glycocalyx damage and hence reduced pulmonary vascular permeability by inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-9, and heparanase expression, attenuating ROS production, and decreasing neutrophil infiltration in BALF (Huang et al., 2018).