AR and hemorrhage: Non selective ß-AR blockers and ligation carry not only the disadvantage of a higher risk of further hemorrhage as compared to TIPS, but also the drawback not to influence the pathophysiology of salt and water retention leading to ascites, whereas TIPS–by shifting blood into the central compartment–decreases renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation and kidney salt reabsorption (124).