Our results indicate that GA exacerbates macrophage apoptosis in vivo and vitro. Meanwhile, excessive inflammatory responses and NF-κB activation cause massive macrophage death and the remaining surviving macrophages in vivo are insufficient to clear sepsis-induced bacterial infections (13, 60–62), which may be an important reason for the exacerbation of bacterial infections in the blood and organs of septic mice after GA administration. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Sepsis.