Another study reported markedly and statistically lower prevalence of hypertension, stroke, and cerebral vascular accident for G11778A carriers and affected patients than those of off-pedigree controls within a LHON pedigree, suggesting potential protective effect against cardiovascular diseases of the maternal lineage featured by presence of homoplasmic polymorphisms at positions 10398, 4216, and 13708, in the ND3, ND1, and ND5 subunit genes of mitochondrial complex I, respectively [46]. This evidence concerns the gene MT-ND3 and cardiovascular disorder.