These findings complement ongoing investigations; for example, the Bursac group has recently created a pipeline to generate and customize cell-based therapies (Nguyen et al., 2018), and has demonstrated that primary human fibroblasts expressing sodium channels, an inward-rectifying potassium channel, and connexin-43 can rescue conduction slowing in an in vitro model of cardiac interstitial fibrosis (Nguyen et al., 2016). Here, GJA1 is linked to Interstitial cardiac fibrosis.