TNF and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: For instance, the B-ALL niche is known to be rich in pro-inflammatory cytokines and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-17 are known to inhibit osteoblast differentiation in MSCs via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway (de Vasconcellos et al., 2011; Chang et al., 2013; Balandran et al., 2016).