Notably, although HL treatment had no effect on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and insulin levels during OGTT, the mice in the DM-HL group had significantly reduced insulin resistance index and blood glucose levels (from the 30th min during OGTT) compared to the DM group (Figures 1A–F), suggesting that HL treatment may increase insulin sensitivity but not insulin secretion. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.